核心句子：What would it take to have such abilities? 怎么样才能获得这样能力？

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Superheros can fly through the air. Toss aside meteors like basketballs, climb up high building with their bare hands and when they do that they act like it’s no big deal at all. Unfortunately, normal people like us are not powerful like that. Things like earth’s natural forces and the human body’s limitations, keep us from sprinting superfast, and leaping a mile high. But what would need to happen to you to have these abilities? Check out the science behind four American Superheros and find out what it would take to pull off there amazing stunts.

Spider man
Amazing abilities: Swings on the spiderweb
Science in action: Tensile strength

Spider man swings on spider silk from one high building to another when he chases the bad guys in NYC( well of course being immune to great heights may be another important part of his technology). To support his own body weight, Spidey’s webbing must have high tensile strength. This is the maximum amount of stress a material can withstand before it breaks. Things like hair strands, which snap easily, have a low tensile strength, while materials like cable wire have a higher tensile strength. Despite looking fragile, real spider silk is actually very tough. In fact one strand of spider silk has a higher tensile strength than a rod of steel of the same thickness. So it might be possible for you to go swinging on spider silk if a spider produced a thread big enough for you hold onto. And I don’t think you should bet on that happening.


Superman
Amazing abilities: moves at incredible speed
Science in action: Friction
Superman flies through the sky at top speed. To go that fast, he must overcome friction. That’s the resistance that occurs when one object moves against another- in this case, superman’s body against air molecules.
“At normal speeds,your body easily pushes these molecules out of the way, but the faster you go, the less time they have to move.
Before you could reach superman speed, this mass of molecules would get huge, providing enough resistance to slow you down.

Wonder woman
Amazing abilities: has extreme lung power
Science in action: lung volume
Wonder woman is able to move objects with her breath. She needs a high lung volume in order to use this super breath. Lung volume is the amount of air in your lungs at any given time. The maximum amount of air that can fill the average person’s lungs is four to six liters. That’s enough air to fill 10 to 17 soda cans. While that may seem like a lot, it’s not nearly enough air to like knock a person off his feet. Some really bad breath may do the trick though.

Thor
Amazing abilities: lunches himself into the sky with his hammer
Science in action: Momentum
Spinning his hammer superfast then hurling it towards the sky, Thor can launch himself into flight. He reaches liftoff because of momentum, a measure of how difficult to stop an object when it’s moving. The faster an object goes, the more momentum it has. Because Thor starts off by rapidly spinning his hammer, the object builds a huge amount of momentum.
“When he finally hurls the hammer into the air, it’s so difficult to change its motion that it drags Thor along with it, regular people or creature on earth can not spin an object fast enough to build that momentum.

今天的核心词 American Superhero。美国超级英雄，通常是指美国漫画公司所塑造英雄角色。网页百科对超级英雄的定义是：In modern popular fiction, a superhero is a type of heroic character who possesses extraordinary talents, supernatural phenomena, or superhuman powers and who is dedicated to a moral goal or protecting the public. 超级英雄们都有个共同点：他们原来都是普通人，富有极强的责任感，而穷人靠变异，富豪靠科技，后来都拥有了超越普通人的特殊能力。有危险时挺身而出，保护人民，与恶势力搏斗只为伸张正义，不需要任何回报，是绝大多数超级英雄的共同品质。一般他们都会有一套能够代表自己个性和超能力的华丽装束，和一个有着同样个性的名字。我对超级英雄的概念是：第一， 起个朗朗上口的名字再在后面加个侠字，第二：出门做好事学雷锋前换上花花绿绿的紧身衣，内裤一定要外穿了哈哈哈。Part of Me From Katy Perry.

超级英雄可以在空中飞，把流星当成篮球扔出去，还可以徒手攀爬摩天大厦，而且他们在这么玩的时候感觉和轻松很随意有木有！不幸的是一般人比如你我（包括超级英雄故事的作者们）都没有这种强大的能力。地球的引力还有自身体力的限制让我们不可能跑得超级快，或者一跳1.6公里。到底需要什么样的条件才能让你拥有这些超能力呢？请看这四位美国超级英雄背后的科技冷知识，对于他们如何完成惊人绝技的科学解释，由Smeeth为大家带来。

蜘蛛侠
超能力：在蜘蛛丝上荡秋千
涉及科学原理：抗拉强度
蜘蛛侠在纽约追逐坏蛋的时候，经常用蜘蛛丝用一座摩天大厦荡到另外一座（没有恐高症也是一项超能力）。如果要支撑自重，蜘蛛侠的蜘蛛丝就需要有足够的抗拉强度。抗拉强度就是材料在断裂前承受的最大应力。发丝之类东西很容易折断，因为其抗拉强度低，而钢丝绳一类的材料则有较高的抗拉强度。尽管看上去很脆弱，一根蜘蛛丝比同样粗细的钢丝的抗拉强度更加高！如果哪天蜘蛛能喷出粗到能用手抓住的蜘蛛丝时，我们都可以这样玩了哈哈（你不会已经开始脑补这画面了吧- -）。

超人
超能力：速度快到爆炸！
涉及科学原理：摩擦力
超人在空中飞的又快又爽，要做到这一点，他就必须克服摩擦阻力：一个物理在运动时表面就会产生的阻力。在天空中飞行时，超人身体与空气分子发生摩擦。
“当一个人以正常速度运动时，身体很容易把这些分子推开，但是速度越快，留给分子移开的时间就越少，所以空气分子开始在你面前堆积。达到超人速度前，你就可能感到分子质量非常大了，阻力足够大让你慢下来。

神奇女侠
超能力：呼口气根本停不下来！
涉及科学原理：肺活量
神奇女侠可以用呼吸来移动物体。要拥有这种超能力来“超级呼吸”，她肺活量得非常大。肺活量指肺部同时储存的空气容积。一般人的是4至6升，也就是可以装满10到17个汽水罐。这貌似很多的空气也不能把人吹倒。不过口臭倒可以把人放倒。

雷神
超能力：手握锤子飞起来
涉及科学原理：动能
飞速旋转手里的锤子，然后扔向天空，托尔就能让自己飞起来。他能够飞离地面，全因为动能。这个能量就是让这个物体停止运动的需要的能量。物体运动速度越快，具有的动能越大，托儿快速转动锤子，锤子具有的动能就非常大，最后抛向空中的时候，动能太大锤子就直接把托尔拉上去了。“地球上的生物不能如此快速的旋转物体从而形成足够强大的动能。”


为什么美国人这么喜欢超级英雄？也许因为妹果仁生来个性张扬独特，或许是因为美国比国内比更加危险，社会安全感普遍缺乏，所以大众都希望有个心目中的英雄来保护自己，又或许超级英雄这些艺术形象的存在是美国人民崇尚自由平等，反对专制诉求的体现。今天的互动话题是：如果你是超级英雄，你会给自己取什么名字？如果可以任意选择两个超级英雄的能力作为自己的能力，你会选择哪两个呢？请把你的答案留言给我。

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